Definition

Privacy is appropriate information flow, not secrecy. A flow is described by subject, sender, recipient, information type, transmission principle; a violation breaks the norms of its context (a symptom told to your doctor vs. sold to an insurer).

  • Knowing-acting gap: models judge norms correctly but leak when they act (ConfAIde tier 4: GPT-4 39%; PrivacyLens: GPT-4 25.7%).
  • Defenses: system-side data minimization (AirGapAgent), model-side CI reasoning and CI-RL (up to 40% less leakage), firewalls that project flows onto the task.
  • Bridge: prompt injection is itself a CI violation: a forged sender or a false transmission principle.

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