Definition

Multi-view stereo (MVS) extends stereo matching to views with known camera poses (e.g. from Structure from Motion) and produces a dense reconstruction (depth maps, points or a surface). In the reconstruction pipeline it comes after SfM: sparse model → MVS → dense model.

MethodIdea
Voxel coloring (Seitz et al., 1999)project each voxel into the images where it is visible, keep it if the colors are consistent (low variance), carve it otherwise; back-to-front visibility order
Plane-sweep stereoproject all views onto fronto-parallel planes at different depths; per pixel pick the depth with the best photo-consistency
Multi-view stereopsis (Furukawa et al., 2007)match patches along epipolar lines, triangulate, expand and filter, reconstruct the surface (Poisson)
MVSNet (Yao et al., 2018)learned features, plane sweep with differentiable homography, variance cost volume, 3D CNN, depth map

Trap

MVS needs the camera poses. SfM gives poses + a sparse point cloud; MVS makes it dense. Newer methods (e.g. VGGT, DUSt3R) predict poses and geometry together from unposed images.

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